As an objective scientist, you write to convey an unbiased and unambiguous message. State it, instead of implying it; repeat it to drive it home; and vary it to\u00a0hold the reader\u2019s attention.<\/p>\n
In the following example, you can highlight your\u00a0message through the Title, Abstract, and Discussion. If you look closely, you will notice that most of the published research papers state and repeat their message in these sections:<\/p>\n
If your message does not highlight your point like in the examples given above, modify it until it does. You can fine-tune the message so that it\u00a0differs\u00a0in other key locations, as this paper does in the Introduction, after a survey of the literature:<\/p>\n
Variation can also be used when a paragraph has more than one topic sentence. When a lot is going on, repeating the topic sentence in different words will help your reader to stay engaged:<\/p>\n
Our working conceptual model is designed to illustrate only\u00a0the possible mechanisms of S\u2013W disturbances in alcohol addiction, focusing only on the role of the PPT in the development of sleep disorders that result from chronic exposure to ethanol<\/em>\u00a0(Fig. 2). Given the known anatomical connections between the PPT and the VTA, it seems reasonable that changes in PPT activity might influence drug relapse via this structure. This is clearly suggested by the finding that lesioning of the PPT blocks the expression of ethanol-induced reward, as measured by place preference, only independent withdrawn mice [207]. In addition to its role in mediating the rewarding effects of ethanol, the VTA is also implicated in mediating the prediction of the availability of rewards (via phasic firing of dopaminergic neurons) [208,209] and signals for aversive stimuli [210]. Collectively, this evidence suggests that the PPT may act via the VTA to influence alcohol consumption and seeking behaviors.\u00a0Thus, the neuroadaptation at the level of CCC-PPT may be a critical patho-physiological mechanism for the S\u2013W disturbances in AUD.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
In the above example, the first sentence was the main topic sentence, and the last sentence was a modified version of that sentence.<\/p>\n
Repetition<\/h2>\n
Repetition can also be used microcontextually to drive home a vital point, as the word \u201calcohol\u201d does here:<\/p>\n
The development of AUD is characterized by frequent episodes of intoxication, preoccupation with\u00a0alcohol<\/em>, use of\u00a0alcohol<\/em>\u00a0despite adverse consequences, compulsion to seek and consume\u00a0alcohol<\/em>, loss of control in limiting\u00a0alcohol<\/em>\u00a0intake, and emergence of a negative emotional state in the absence of\u00a0the drug<\/em>. (Knapp, Ciraulo, and Datta)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
The substitution of \u201cthe drug\u201d in the final position is a variance that only serves to heighten the emphasis on \u201calcohol.\u201d<\/p>\n
Pointers\u2014words, phrases, or ideas\u2014are used as a tool in sentences to use repetition for better comprehension. For instance,<\/p>\n
Example 1<\/em>: Epilepsy is a brain or neurological disorder where excess electrical energy causes\u00a0seizures. Seizures\u00a0<\/em>result when the brain’s nerve cells, or neurons, produce an excessive or abnormal amount of electrical\u00a0activity.<\/em> Depending on this\u00a0activity<\/em>\u2026<\/p>\n
Example 2<\/em>: Depending on this activity,\u00a0three results<\/em>\u00a0may occur.\u00a0First, <\/em>the seizure may start and stop in one location.\u00a0Next,\u00a0<\/em>it may spread a bit and stop.\u00a0Finally,\u00a0<\/em>it may go through the body’s nervous system before stopping.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Repetition can make the text sound monotonous. To avoid this, you can use:<\/p>\n
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- Variations of the word (box, boxer, boxing)<\/li>\n
- Pronouns (physicians\u2026they)<\/li>\n
- Synonyms (climb, ascend, scale)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Your readers should never have to struggle to understand your message because you will have clearly and repeatedly conveyed it.<\/p>\n
Besides, if you are looking for an AI-driven writing tool to enhance your writing, then check out Trinka, the world\u2019s first language enhancement tool that is custom-built for academic and technical writing. It has several exclusive features to make your manuscript ready for the global audience.<\/p>\n